In recent decades, the concept of subjective probability has been increasingly applied to an adversary's choices in strategic games. A careful examination reveals that the standard construction of subjective probabilities does not apply in this context. We show how the difficulty may be overcome...

Modern game theory was born in 1928, when John von Neumann published his Minimax Theorem.This theorem ascribes to all two-person zero-sum games a value - what rational players may expect - and optimal strategies? how they should play to achieve that expectation.Sev entyseven years later,...

We propose an objective for the firm in a model of production economies extending over time under uncertainty and with incomplete markets. We derive the objective of the firm from the assumption of initial-shareholders efficiency. Each shareholder is assumed to communicate to the firm her...

The introduction of banks that issue money and supply balances and pay out their profits as dividends is the natural modification of the model of general competitive equilibrium that encompasses monetary economies. Competitive equilibria exist. Nevertheless, eventhough there is a well defined...

This survey paper prepared for the Handbook of Utility Theory covers the axiomatic foundations of decision making under uncertainty when conditional preferences are allowed to be state dependent, leading to an expected state-dependent utility representation. In the context of games against...

The Theory of State Dependent Utility studies the behavior under certainty of a decision-maker whose utility over consequences may depend on the state in which they occur. There is by now a vast literature on the topic, that this paper reviews, trying at the same time to provide an unifying...

The label "Keynes-Negishi equilibria" is attached here to equilibria in a monetary economy with imperfectly competitive product and labor markets where business firms and labor unions hold demand perceptions with kinks - as posited in Negishi's 1979 book Microeconomic Foundations of Keynesian...

The theory of games against nature relies on complete preferences among all conceivable acts, i.e. among all potential assignments of consequences to states of nature (case 1). Yet most decision problems call for choosing an element from a limited set of acts. And in games of strategy, the set...

In decentralised market economies, supply-constrained equilibria may persist as coordination failures, sustained but not caused by price rigidities. This feature may be arbitrarily severe, even at prices com- patible with competitive equilibrium. The supply-constraints may originate in rational...

This paper presents a personal perspective on the field of public economics, as I have seen it evolve over the past forty years. Starting in the early fifties, microeconomic theory invaded the age-old field of public finance. A central core of this work consists in deriving general qualitative...