It is frequently asked whether the modern economy can function without interest. This question has acquired some urgency in wake of the recent ruling of Supreme Court banning interest in Pakistan. In this respect every expert has his own opinion. Some pronounced that great harm will result from...

Rural poverty remains a serious problem in Pakistan, with more than 30 percent of rural population living in absolute poverty. In rural Pakistan there is a big gap between rich and the poor. While the stake of competition for position and status concerns the rich, the struggle for survival in...

The behaviour of firms is still a little understood matter. Why one firm or industry is investing more than the other or what makes a firm enter or exit from the market, what are the psychological factors that go to make a choice of this kind are questions that have not been answered...

The generous theoretical and empirical debates are available on institutional freedom and economic growth, but unsuccessful to facilitate stationary conclusion regarding the nature of connection. It is still confusing that either economic freedom cause economic growth or economic growth widens...

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) continue to be the global ‘flavour of the month’ in international development. They are regarded as “outside” actors perceived to work in the interests of the poor, and in the absence of the state, many NGOs have taken on vital role in the provision...

This paper investigates the impact of volatility of exchange rates on the manufactured production of Pakistan’s economy. After a short introduction of the underlying theories and empirical literature, the relationship between these two variables is estimated. In the regression, the conditional...

Looking at an economy as consisting of several layers of techniques gives us a way to spell out the implications of macroeconomic situations to micro levels. For instance, if macroeconomic consideration point to reducing total employment, a map of the layers of techniques of the economy should...

It is a well-known fact that cottage industries can play a significant role in the development of an economy like Pakistan. As it is observed that this industry is not required too much financing, imported and highly sophisticated technology. So the problems like deficit in public finance and...