This is the second article in a series which explores the changing role of banks in the financial intermediation process. It accompanies a Liberty Street Blog series. Both discuss the complexity of the credit intermediation chain associated with securitization and note the growing participation...

This paper studies the implications of securities activities on bank safety and soundness by comparing the ex-post returns between banking firms' Section 20 subsidiaries -- subsidiaries that were authorized by the Federal Reserve to conduct bank-ineligible securities activities -- and their...

The previous political dispensation limited black people’s participation in the SouthAfrican economy. Poor credit records, lack of training, resulting in skills and capacitygaps further limited entry into the lending market. These aspects are considered themain limitations in obtaining finance...