This paper uses a unique panel dataset (1995-2001) of rural El Salvador to investigate the main sources of the persistence and variability of incomes. First we propose an econometric framework where a general dynamic panel model is validly reduced to a simple linear structure with a dynamic...

This paper derives unbalanced versions of the tests statistics for ¯rst order serial correlation and random individual e®ects summarized in Sosa Escudero and Bera (2001), and updates their xttest1 routine. The derived tests statistics should be useful for applied researchers faced with the...

Este trabajo estudia la incidencia distributiva del gasto y consumo de servicios públicos en la Argentina, resultante tanto de la estructura tarifaria y cobertura de redes vigente, como de las decisiones de conexión y consumo de esos servicios por parte de los hogares. Se utilizan datos de...

Este trabajo evalúa cuantitativamente el desempeño de algunos esquemas alternativos de tarifas sociales como instrumentos de política social, mediante una serie de ejercicios de simulación. Como fuente de información se emplean los microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de los Hogares...

In this paper we tackle the problems of dimensionality of welfare and that of identifying the multidimensionally poor by first finding the poor using the original space of attributes, and then reducing the welfare space. The starting point is the notion that the ‘poor’ constitutes a group of...

A new Stata command, xtsktest, is proposed to explore non-normalities in linear panel data models. The tests explore skewness and excess kurtosis allowing researchers to identify departures away from gaussianity in both error components of a standard panel regression, sepa- rately or jointly....