The embedded liberalism thesis, a major component of the trade policy literature in political science, argues that governments can build support for free trade by compensating economically those hurt by trade, usually with welfare or education policies. This strategy depends, though, on...

Studies of the political economy of trade frequently rely on the assumption that the larger a policy-maker's constituency, the more supportive of free trade that policymaker will be. Large constituencies are supposed to yield concern for the national interest and provide insulation from...

The amount of environmental regulation varies across countries but, despite the increasing importance of the environment, previous research has provided few answers why. Building upon recent scholarship on democratic institutions, this article explores this variation within democracies by...