Bioethanol from macroalgal feedstock entails pretreatment and hydrolysis for synthesis of sugar followed by the fermentation. Macroalgal biomass is pretreated for size reduction, alter or removal of structural and compositional impediments prior to the enzyme hydrolysis. Most commonly used...

Urbanisation process heralds land use changes and consumption of energy which contribute significantly to global warming. This necessitates developing sustainable cities, which entails evolving effective urban planning strategies with the regular monitoring of landscape dynamics. In this...