Brazil's agricultural sector underwent major changes in the past two decades. Though Brazil is abundant in labor, land …, and animal power, government subsidies encouraged the use of fertilizer and machines. Since productivity growth arises … from technical change, Brazil's drive to modernize its agricultural sector should improve agricultural productivity …

spending, productivity, longevity, savings and labor but high fertility. Public or firms’ health subsidies increase health … spending, longevity and productivity and decrease fertility. Labor income taxes reduce the marginal benefit of health spending …We explore optimal health subsidies in a dynastic model with health externalities to productivity that cause low health …

government subsidies on input-output slack and production efficiency. We find that the production efficiency of steel enterprises … efficiency of relatively small enterprises is high for the steel industry. In an unstable economic environment, it is advisable … subsidies in driving efficiency improvements in traditional and emerging industries. …

efficiency scores derived from stochastic frontier analysis. To correct for this heterogeneity in coefficients, I propose a …. This estimation has better goodness of fit, reduced variance of all coefficients, and higher efficiency scores for nearly …