One key aspect of efficient transport is load factor: the load carried compared to the maximum load that could be carried in a load unit (e.g. a vehicle). The purpose of this study is to develop an approach that will clarify and describe ways in which shippers can measure load factor. Drawing on...

The authors examine the impacts of quality of institutions, border and transport efficiency, physical and communication infrastructure on overall and intra-Africa trade covering 44 African countries and their 173 trade partners for the periods 2000-2014. Aggregate indicators are derived for...

The authors examine the impacts of quality of institutions, border and transport efficiency, physical and communication infrastructure on overall and intra-Africa trade covering 44 African countries and their 173 trade partners for the periods 2000-2014. Aggregate indicators are derived for...

One key aspect of efficient transport is load factor: the load carried compared to the maximum load that could be carried in a load unit (e.g. a vehicle). The purpose of this study is to develop an approach that will clarify and describe ways in which shippers can measure load factor. Drawing on...

Rationale The surge in energy and other commodity prices in 2021 H2 and a significant part of 2022 has led to firms’ costs increasing considerably. This article analyses how this rise in costs has been passed through to selling prices and what impact it has had on firms’ output, wages,...

Basic income benefits cover recipients' actual heating expenses as long as they are not unusually high. In contrast, their electricity expenses are only covered via a lump sum at the standard rate. Thus, basic income recipients have weaker incentives for reducing their heating expenses than for...

Im Rahmen der Grundsicherung werden die tatsächlich anfallenden Heizungsrechnungen übernommen, sofern diese nicht unangemessen hoch sind. Dagegen werden Ausgaben für Strom lediglich pauschal im Regelsatz berücksichtigt. Somit haben Grundsicherungsbeziehende weniger Anreize, ihre Ausgaben...

Gerade im Immobilienbereich besteht ein grosses Potential, Einfluss auf die Zukunft zu nehmen und sie zu einer besseren zu machen. Dies vor allem in Bezug auf die Umweltproblematik, die Substitution fossiler Energien sowie die Energiekosten. Immobilienfachleute und Immobilienbesitzer sollen...

Problems dealing with the design and the operations of gas transmission networks arechallenging. The difficulty mainly arises from the simultaneous modeling of gastransmission laws and of the investment costs. The combination of the two yields a nonlinearnon-convex optimization problem. To...