), examining them both from the point of view of democracy and its effectiveness to achieve its objectives. In other words, it aks …

attributes of democracy and state capacity-namely, civic participation and impartial bureaucracy-my study provides new evidence …The growing body of research on the relationship between the state and democracy has remained inconclusive both in … conceptualization and measurement of democracy and state capacity. Drawing on this argument, my study takes an original approach to the …

society consists of rich and poor individuals. The rich are initially in power, but expect to transition to democracy, which …. This enables them to reduce the amount of redistribution and public good provision in democracy. Moreover, the inefficient … rents for bureaucrats than would an efficient state structure. When the poor come to power in democracy, they will reform …

society consists of rich and poor individuals. The rich are initially in power, but expect to transition to democracy, which …. This enables them to reduce the amount of redistribution and public good provision in democracy. Moreover, the inefficient … rents for bureaucrats than would an efficient state structure. When the poor come to power in democracy, they will reform …

to democracy, which will choose redistributive policies. Taxation requires the employment of bureaucrats. We show that … democratic politics. This enables them to reduce the amount of redistribution and public good provision in democracy. Moreover … structure creates more rents for bureaucrats than would an efficient state structure. When the poor come to power in democracy …