This work presents an economic analysis of the issues surrounding pollution and the pollution pays principle (PPP) such as the conflict between economics and ecology, externalities, internalization of external costs, solutions to externalities, the economic instruments as recommended by the OECD...

Emissions trading is becoming increasingly popular in environmental law. Allowances to trade emissions can either be auctioned off or handed out free of charge by means of grandfathering. Although grandfathering is frequently used in emissions trading schemes, it is a popular view in the...

The concept of metabolism, as applied to the interrelations between human society and the rest of nature, has been one of the most fruitful iterations of socioecological thought over the last few decades. Here we will examine specific orientations of metabolic thought commonly employed in the...