EU Competition Law has various evidentiary rules and presumptions relating to the existence of collusive activity. We consider the effect of these rules and presumptions on economic efficiency, and highlight two forms of inefficiency associated with existing adjectival law. Firstly, both under...

This article examines the relationship between the environment, sustainability, and European competition law. It shows that the European Commission’s decisional practice not to exempt anticompetitive agreements under Article 101(3) TFEU is because it selectively prosecutes hardcore cartels....

After the failed merger of Alstom and Siemens - the two giants of Europe's railway manufacturing sector - the French and the German governments presented a manifesto with a set of radical proposals designed to reshape EU industrial and competition policy. In an article addressed to all European...

Die Anwendung des kartellrechtlichen Verbots des Marktmachtmissbrauchs nach Art 102 AEUV auf digitale Plattformen wirft eine Vielzahl dogmatischer Probleme auf. Mehrseitige Plattformmärkte sind durch indirekte Netzwerkeffekte geprägt, welche zu Preisanomalien und damit zur eingeschränkten...

This paper looks at the main source of procedural delay in EC merger cases, the suspension of investigations. Although the ECMR refers to the suspension of investigations as an exceptional instrument, it is used in a high proportion of cases. As the ECMR does not set a time limit for suspension,...

Members of numerous professions routinely speak of evidence: lawyers, scientists, historians, philosophers, investigative journalists, and others. Fingerprints on a gun, a bloodied knife, or a semen-stained dress spring to mind first. Proof establishes the truth or falseness of an alleged fact....

I took the distance learning Postgraduate Diploma and MA at King’s College London during the academic years 2007/2009. My dissertation considered the interaction between public and private enforcement of the competition rules, and in particular the implications for private actions of...