The first wave of globalization (1830-1914) witnessed a decline in the number of countries from 125 to 54. Political … consolidation was often achieved through war and conquest. The second wave of globalization (1950-present) has led instead to an … globalization and political structure that accounts for these trends and their reversal. We show that political structure adapts to …

The first wave of globalization (1830-1914) witnessed a decline in the number of countries from 125 to 54. Political … consolidation was often achieved through war and conquest. The second wave of globalization (1950-present) has led instead to an … globalization and political structure that accounts for these trends and their reversal. We show that political structure adapts to …

This paper develops a theoretical framework to study the interaction between globalization and political structure. We … early stages, the political response to globalization consists of removing borders by increasing country size. In its later … stages, however, the political response to globalization is to remove borders by creating international unions, and this …

In this WZB Discussion Paper we develop an analytical framework for the research project 'Contested World Orders', a … for change in world order from the side of rising powers and transnational non-governmental organizations (NGOs) using a … World Orders', eine Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaftlern des German Institute of Global and Area Studies (Giga), des Peace …