In this paper, we investigate the synchronization between the two echelons in two-echelon urban distribution systems. The first echelon aims at transferring goods from a warehouse to a (single) city hub located in the city center. The second echelon, managed with a fleet of environmentally...

In the vehicle routing literature, equity for drivers is mostly considered on a daily basis. In this work, we extend the literature by addressing equity on a longer term. We consider a time horizon of a few weeks and a test-bed routing problem motivated by healthcare logistics, with customer...