probability of immigrants, and for second or higher generation migrants, a positive impact of clustering on wages. …

analyze the question of wage discrimination among migrants by estimating wage equations for men and women, controlling for … provinces of origin. We find no systemic differences by province of origin in the hourly wages of male and female migrants …. However, in a few specific cases, we find that migrants from a particular province earn significantly less than those from …

considered the most vulnerable population. When there is no social policy, migrants are even more susceptible to the negative …

and the percentage of migrants employed at a workplace. We find wages are lower in workplaces employing a higher … percentage of migrants, but only when those migrants are non-EEA migrants. However, the effects are no longer apparent when we …