At UNCTAD V not only the Western industrialised countries but also the socialist states were heavily criticised for not appropriating sufficient funds for development aid. The following article presents a survey of volume, conditions, and regional distribution of the CMEA countries’ and the PR...

At UNCTAD V not only the Western industrialised countries but also the socialist states were heavily criticised for not appropriating sufficient funds for development aid. The following article presents a survey of volume, conditions, and regional distribution of the CMEA countries’ and the PR...

While foreign policy as well as economic, ideological and purely humanitarian considerations all continue to play a role in economic relations between the CMEA countries and the Third World, a shift in the relative weights of these various aspects has become discernible in recent years. What...

Trade in services constitutes one of the still unresolved problems in the Uruguay Round. What progress has been made so far in this field? Which are the remaining points at issue? What are the prospects for agreement on a comprehensive solution?

During the 1980s foreign direct investment (FDI) expanded remarkably. Simultaneously, the regional structure of foreign direct investment changed. This relationship is discernible among industrial countries, as well as between industrial and developing countries. Of particular importance is the...

Most developing countries have shown reluctance towards the inclusion of trade in services in the normal GATT negotiating framework, as demanded by industrialised countries. What are the reasons for their scepticism?

Applicant countries in transition wishing to revitalise or establish new ties with the GATT/WTO system will be able to achieve this neither in a rash nor uniform fashion. Undisputedly the necessary economic reforms in Central and Eastern Europe will take time. With respect to foreign trade, the...

Vor gut zwei Jahren hat die Türkei ein Stabilisierungsprogramm aufgelegt, das vor allem eine Senkung der sehr hohen Inflation zum Ziel hatte; vom Internationalen Währungsfonds (IWF) wurde es durch ein Beistandsabkommen finanziell unterstützt. Wegen erheblicher Probleme bei der Umsetzung des...

Die türkische Wirtschaft war in den letzten Jahren durch ein stetes Auf und Ab gekennzeichnet: Kurze Expansionsphasen wurden von gravierenden Krisen abgelöst, denen dann wieder Stabilisierungsbemühungen folgten. Dabei blieb die Inflationsrate alarmierend hoch. Mehrere Reformschritte wurden...