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This paper studies the evolution of worldwide military spending during 1970-2018. It finds that military spending in relation to GDP is converging, but into three separate groups of countries. In the largest group, responsible for 90 percent of worldwide spending, outlays have remained...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012103746
This study examines the convergence in military expenditure and economic growth for a panel of 35 African countries … level reveal no evidence of convergence in military expenditure and growth. However, after robustness tests, the final club … classification results do support the hypothesis of club convergence for the two variables. The results of the analysis show that …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013179649
inconclusive in nature. -- Military Expenditure ; Defense Spending ; Convergence ; Economic Growth …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009492389
This paper studies the evolution of worldwide military spending during 1970-2018. It finds thatmilitary spending in relation to GDP is converging, but into three separate groups of countries. Inthe largest group, responsible for 90 percent of worldwide spending, outlays have remainedstubbornly...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012859871
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010528798
, and that it required a strong military in order to boost its global muscle and open world markets for its products and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012099436
CO2 significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This investigation determines the impact of militarization, economic growth (EG), FDI, renewable energy usage on CO2 emissions in three highly militarized countries of Asia: Pakistan, India, and China (PIC). This research used...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014438495
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