alternative indicators of the stock of knowledge are specified. One is based on patent applications, the other on numbers of …

star scientists and firms have a large positive impact on firms'" research productivity, increasing the average firm … there is little evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In early industry" formation, star scientists … firm scientists work" in the stars' university laboratories in contrast to America where the stars are more likely to work …

star scientists and firms have a large positive impact on firms'" research productivity, increasing the average firm … there is little evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In early industry" formation, star scientists … firm scientists work" in the stars' university laboratories in contrast to America where the stars are more likely to work …

Incentives and assistance provided by TTOs, university policies, patent legislation and scientific disciplines are … related to the scientists' motives, expectations and perceptions about the importance and necessity of such activities. There … relatively under-researched theme. Our findings suggest that scientists are rarely engage in patenting activities for economic …