This paper demonstrates the multilayer structure of information in financial markets. While only 3.59% of 8,190 stock/quarter pairs have single information layer, 75% have two to five layers and 18% have six to eight layers. We develop a clustering algorithm which determines the number of...

We model a financial market where privately informed investors trade in a limit order book monitored by professional liquidity providers. Price competition between informed limit order submitters and professional market makers allows us to capture tradeoffs between informed limit and market...

We train a machine learning method on a class of informed trades to develop a new measure of informed trading, the Informed Trading Intensity (``ITI''). ITI increases before earnings, M&A, and news announcements, and has implications for return reversal and asset pricing. ITI is effective...

The weekly release of the U.S. inventory level by the DOE-EIA is known as the market mover in the U.S. oil futures market and to be a significant piece of information for all world oil markets in which the WTI is a price benchmark. We uncover suspicious trading patterns in the WTI futures...

The weekly release of the U.S. inventory level by the DOE-EIA is known as the market mover in the U.S. oil futures market and to be a significant piece of information for all world oil markets in which the WTI is a price benchmark. We uncover suspicious trading patterns in the WTI futures...

We empirically examine on-exchange hidden liquidity in the context of informed trading, pricing efficiency, and trading costs. Using a number of proxies for informativeness and a number of different specifications, we find that when an on-exchange option to hide orders exists, traders prefer to...