It has become increasingly clear particularly in this century that through the destructive impacts of financial markets, economic crises are often amplified to proportions which set the entire system at risk. V. Cerra and S.C. Saxena have shown that failures in real economy brought about by...

As the lack of sufficient information for the calculation of the price index is generally known, the ECB no longer sets the objective of achieving the statistical annual rate of zero per cent of price increase but aims for an annual increase of slightly less than two per cent. The task of the...

The joint future programme-platform of the German Government and representatives of the industrial sector – Industry 4.0 (in German – Industrie 4.0) consists in comprehensive and systematic digital networking of the creation, logistics and use of products or services. It is often regarded as...

It was decided at the Conference of Heads of State or Government in Maastricht on 09.–10.12.1991 to adopt a common currency in these countries. This laid the foundation for the European Economic and Monetary Union. This was and is intended to be a preliminary stage for the creation of the...

The decision adopted by the 28 European Union (EU) Member States in June 2012 on the establishment of the banking union expresses clear political support to the idea of common Europe. Is such a pretentious EU project an important historic step towards further integration, particularly in terms...

Already since the time more than six years ago when the banking and financial crises started which led to the catastrophic expansion of public debt in the main industrial countries, the postulates of public economy and the resulting conclusions drawn in the field of economic policy for the...

In connection with the immensely increasing public debt both within the European Union and in other leading industrial countries of the world, reproaches are made again and again that this constitutes also an increasing burden for the future generations of the population of these countries. Such...

Strukturwidrig deshalb, weil die Gemeinden, die privaten Haushaltungen und auch die kleinen sowie mittelständischen Unternehmungen auf die Dienstleistungen der Banken vor Ort nach wie vor angewiesen sind

German Abstract: Die hohen Staatsschulden bereiten vor allem den Ländern in den Krisenregionen der Europäischen Gemeinschaft große Schwierigkeiten. Zur Lösung der Probleme vertreten Nationalökonomen je nach ihren wirtschaftpolitischen Ausrichtungen unterschiedliche Strategien. Im...

German Abstract: Seitdem im Bankenbereich die Kontenabrufverfahren nicht mehr nur in konkreten Verdachtsfällen angewendet werden, sondern generell als Standardinstrumente staatlicher Institutionen zum Ausspähen der Bestandsdaten von Konto- und Depotverbindungen missbraucht werden, hat sich der...