output and real-rate gaps can be represented in a parsimonious and practical manner using the theory of anelasticity that …

model indexation regulates the sources of inflation persistence. When indexation is zero, the inflation gap is purely … forward- looking and inflation persistence depends only on the level of trend inflation, while full indexation makes the … inflation gap persistent and it eliminates the effects of trend inflation. We show that in the former case the optimal policy is …

When inflation picks up, central banks are most concerned that the de-anchoring of inflation expectations and the … ignition of wage-price spirals will trigger inflation dynamic instability. However, such scenarios do not materialize in the … updated according to the actual inflation process, with indexed wages, and persistent inflation shocks. In these cases, a more …