This study aims to analyse the discretionary fiscal policy of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia for the period 2003 … demonstrate that fiscal policies tend to be mainly procyclical in Kazakhstan and Russia. Azerbaijan conducted a counter … defines the discretionary fiscal position and the aggregate demand effect of fiscal policy. The SBBs in Azerbaijan and Russia …

economy for 1991-2012. After regaining independence in 1991, Azerbaijan implemented economic transition process toward market … contribution. In addition, the authors question what would happen if economic transition period ended in Azerbaijan's economy. It …The aim of this research is to analyze macroeconomic performance and discuss transition indicators in Azerbaijan …

. Nevertheless, the decision aimed at the energy sector was quite challenging since the bloc relies on Russia for 25% of its oil and …

Among the many significant geopolitical consequences of Russia’s war against Ukraine has been the reinvigoration of the … increasingly attrac­tive alternative route between Europe and China. Russia’s war has disrupted overland connectivity via the New … Trans-Caspian International Transport Route is likely to increase its potential at the expense of Russia in the long …