Employing representative data from the U.S. Survey of Consumer Payment Choice, we disprove the hypothesis that cryptocurrency investors are motivated by distrust in fiat currencies or regulated finance. Compared with the general population, investors show no differences in their level of...

In modern monetary systems most money is created by commercial banks; we review how private money in the form of deposits circulates and discuss its possible tokenization. We show that a compelling case for the tokenization of bank deposits exists irrespective of the debate regarding central...

How well can a cryptocurrency serve as a means of payment? We study the optimal design of cryptocurrencies and assess quantitatively how well such currencies can support bilateral trade. The challenge for cryptocurrencies is to overcome double-spending by relying on competition to update the...

Shortly after the first financial crisis of globalization (2008-2009), a number of changes started to dominate the financial and banking world. Households and companies were confronted with a series of new rules and procedures aimed at protecting both the banks and the public. In most cases they...

Digital cash may be issued privately (so as to be called "virtual currency") or by a central bank. It may be a cryptocurrency, randomised or tethered. Its scheme may be centralized or decentralised and its value may be self-anchored or of a specified fiat currency. By facilitating electronic...

Inspired by the great thinkers Knut Wicksell, Friedrich Hayek and Eugene Fama, I propose a pure inside credit money that is elastic and responds to demand automatically. Wixles could serve all the functions of money, pay interest, and not be tied to an external currency or commodity

Can Bitcoin remain tamper proof in the long run? We use block-level data from the Bitcoin blockchain to estimate the impact of congestion and the USD price on fee rates. The introduction and adoption of the Segwit protocol allows us to identify an aggregate demand curve for bitcoin transactions....