challenge, this article focuses on sand exports from developing countries in Southeast Asian to Singapore as a prominent example … extraction to a large extent, while the economic costs are small for Singapore and slightly positive for the Southeast Asian sand … policy can help sustainably balance Singapore's economic growth with Southeast Asia's economic development. …

contrast, Japan's FDI in the services sectors in ASEAN has been growing rapidly. The recent phenomenon of the Singapore Shift … establish a commercial presence in Singapore, which they expect to be the "hub" of Southeast Asia, thereby enabling them to … supply services to the entire ASEAN region. The magnitude of the Singapore Shift varies for every services sub-sector. By …

contrast, Japan's FDI in the services sectors in ASEAN is growing rapidly. The recent phenomenon of the Singapore Shift in … establish a commercial presence in Singapore, which they expect to be the hub of Southeast Asia, thereby enabling them to supply … services to the entire ASEAN region. The magnitude of the Singapore Shift varies for every services sub-sector. By comparing …