This study examines the impact of exports, imports, and trade openness on Namibia's economic growth using the ARDL … cointegration method. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between imports and economic growth, while exports and …

series data from 1996-2015. The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach to cointegration and …

2020 using the ARDL cointegration method. The results reveal that FDI, the interactive variable of FDI and trade openness …

This paper applies the most recently developed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration procedure to re …-investigate co-integration and the causal relationship between energy consumption and real GDP within a multivariate framework that …

lag (ARDL) model to estimate the long-run and short-run nexus among the variables. Furthermore, fully modified ordinary … robust examination of the empirical findings. The result of cointegration confirms the presence of cointegration among the … variables. Findings from the ARDL indicate that industrialization, energy consumption, and financial development (measured by …