income, university research funding from science philanthropy is $7Billion a year. This major contribution to U.S. scientific … in this paper demonstrates that science philanthropy provides almost 30% of the annual research funds of those in leading … universities. And yet science philanthropy has been largely overshadowed by the massive rise of Federal research funding and, to a …

A fundamental problem in the field of social studies of science is why nations produce scientific achievements. Many … studies have analyzed characteristics of science and scientific research. However, the motivations of nations to produce … scientific research are elusive. Firstly, this study reviews the concept of science in literature and suggests a new general …

scientific knowledge, while engaging in policy advice. They may well have a better strategy in terms of science communication of … of the triple helix innovation, science policy, and transnational higher education in Malaysia. The proposed paper builds …