. Hospitalization/interventions (41%) and indirect costs (68.6%) were the major cost drivers for total direct costs and the overall … economic burden of lung cancer, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings indicate per patient direct medical costs of small cell … lung cancer in terms of both direct and indirect costs. Our findings indicate that hospitalization/interventions cost item …

, indirect costs, such as productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism, were often underexplored in the reviewed … population. The economic burden of CM includes both direct healthcare costs and indirect costs resulting from productivity losses … key findings were extracted from the studies, and reported costs were converted to GBP for cross-country comparisons …

How does an increase in unionization costs, i.e. costs which arise when workers are organized by a union, affect the … unionization, heterogeneous firms as well as free market entry/exit. If unionization costs are relatively low (high), we find that … an increase in these costs decreases (increases) average productivity and welfare decreases (increases). Additionally, we …

the proper goal of a decision-making process, one must compare the error costs of false-positive outcomes and false …-negative outcomes. If error costs are symmetric, then the decision-making process should be designed to minimize the total risk of error …. However, if error costs are asymmetric, then the decision-making process should be designed to minimize the more costly type …

agents, ergonomics, working time, violence) and outcomes (injuries, illnesses, absenteeism, job satisfaction) within … workplaces. Third, it explores the implications of the lack of OSH in terms of the economic and social costs that are entailed … improve the health and safety of workers. -- Health ; safety ; indicators ; accidents ; diseases ; absenteeism …