Off-farm income constitutes a significant share of the household livelihood portfolios across Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, the determinants and dynamics of individuals' participation in off-farm employment activities have not received adequate attention due to the weaknesses in individual-level data...

Livelihood sources in rural Africa are diverse and dynamic. Using recent primary data from four African countries - Kenya, Namibia, Tanzania, and Zambia - we consider regions with different conditions related to climate, agroecology, infrastructure, and nature conservation to analyze the role of...

Although non-farm enterprises are ubiquitous in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, little is yet known about their productivity. In this paper we contribute to filling this gap by providing estimates of labor productivity in enterprises for Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda. Using the World Bank's...

The developmental role of agriculture has long been recognized in the literature. As a leading sector of most economies in the developing world, agriculture helps facilitate industrial growth and structural economic transformation. Agriculture plays a multidimensional role in the development...

? This article outlines the role that the World Bank will play in supporting a modified rural development strategy for the Sub-Saharan Africa region: The Bank will be more selective in targeting countries for assistance in rural development programs, focusing on those that demonstrate commitment...