The extent of government deficits and debt has been one of the most debated issues in recent years. However, much less has been contributed about their dynamics. Yet, the issue of entering into and exiting from excessive deficits is critical in the Economic and Monetary Union since the Stability...

Using a bilateral trade equation derived from a monopolistic competition model, we investigated market access reciprocity in food trade among the US, Canada, the EU and Japan. We explore country and industry-specific market access asymmetry through the border effect approach, re-challenging the...

Within European Competition Policy Article 82 EC Treaty remains a formidable tool to safeguard against abuse of dominant undertakings. It is clearly applicable, in its own right, and does not necessitate adding of excessively applied and interpreted notions such as barriers to entry. The...

Using a comprehensive database of European firms, we study the effect of market entry regulations on the creation of new limited-liability firms, the average size of entrants, and the growth of incumbent firms. We find that costly regulations hamper the creation of new firms, especially in...

Purpose: The role of entrants and exits has enlarged indisputably over recent years. The basic explanation s connected to the deepening of innovation's influence on industrial growth. Furthermore, new businesses have to be more effective, and based on products, technological or organizational...

The paper describes how ordinary national rules can provide essential compliance regulation to access human rights abuses. It argues that sometimes purely competitiveness, commercial or even domestic common-law doctrine between private, non-state actors can be in fact human rights claims even if...

• Pay-for-delay cases raise fundamental points of law, including the notion of (potential) competition and restriction by object.• According to the rich case law addressing the relationship between Article 101(1) TFEU and intellectual property – including Nungesser and BAT (Toltecs-Dorcet)...

The European Court of Justice has, at times, utilized a market access test to determine whether a national measure has equivalent effect to a quantitative restriction (MEQR) on imports within the meaning of Article 34 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). In this piece,...

So is flash trading good or bad for the market? Michael Lewis, in his recent book Flash Boys – Cracking the Money Code, paints a far from positive picture of high frequency trading. Flash traders use such advanced techniques that the rest of the market is left trailing in their wake. But, as...

In entry-exit gas markets as they are currently implemented in Europe, network constraints do not affect market interaction beyond the technical capacities determined by the TSO that restrict the quantities individual firms can trade at the market. It is an up to now unanswered question to what...