The fund size is highly persistent and correlated with risk factor loadings. Hence, it is unrealistic to assume constant diseconomies of scale over a long time. The traditional two-step method underestimates the uncertainty of diseconomies of scale. We propose a one-step procedure with a random...

Expert knowledge is a combination of prior information and subjective opinions based on long-experience; as such it is often not sufficiently objective to produce convincing results in animal habitat suitability index mapping. In this study, an animal habitat assessment method based on a learning...