remain, particularly regarding whether the local social and economic impacts are sufficient. Cotton made in Africa (CmiA) is … chain, CmiA – like its sister scheme the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) – seeks to ensure compliance with specific … environmental and social conditions in the cotton production process. Wherever it is implemented and monitored, the CmiA …

number of SSA cotton sectors, especially in West and Central Africa (WCA), are currently facing serious short-term financial …Cotton is a major source of foreign exchange earnings in more than 15 countries across all regions of Sub …, critical in the fight against rural poverty. The World Bank and other development institutions have been and are currently …

smallholder cotton farmers in Benin and includes both conventional cotton farmers who extensively use synthetic pesticides and … organic cotton farmers who are only allowed to use bio-pesticides. Using per-capita health expenditure as proxy for the health … of the farmers, our results show that conventional cotton farmers generally have significantly poorer health than organic …