This paper analyzes the characteristics of firms that declare board directors as independents, although the directors are not strictly independent, and examines the consequences in terms of performance and corporate governance outcomes. Based on publicly available information, eight criteria of...

The paper analyzes the governance of the corporation when politicians hold board positions. Specifically, we study whether former politicians have different probabilities of holding relevant positions on boards of directors and delegated committees compared to other directors. Our results...

Recommendations of codes on board independence do not match the predictions of optimal board structure theories. We investigate whether firms solve this tradeoff between optimal and recommended levels with gray independent directors, those who do not achieve the formal requirements of...

Based on the optimal board independence theory, we analyze how Spanish listed firms determine the presence of genuine and gray independent directors. We classify independents as gray whenever they do not satisfy formal independence requirements. Given the findings in previous literature, this...

This study aims at disentangling the decision of interlocking directors along the hierarchy of business groups. Considering boards as information-processing groups and grounded in agency theory and resource dependence theory, the monitoring and advising functions in the relationship between...

Based on the optimal board independence theory, we analyze how Spanish listed firms determine the presence of genuine and gray independent directors. We classify independents as gray whenever they do not satisfy formal independence requirements. Given the findings in previous literature, this...

This paper analyzes the price discovery process of securities that trade at multiple markets with trading sessions that totally or partially overlap. Building on Hasbrouck (1995) information share approach, we introduce a methodology that distinguishes two sources of information asymmetries...

This study explores the cascading effect of board gender diversity within business groups. In particular, we empirically test whether board gender diversity in headquarters is positively associated with board gender diversity in lower layers of hierarchical business groups. We, moreover, analyze...

For both the Spanish Stock Exchange (SSE) and the NYSE, we provide robust evidence of daily asymmetries in the contribution of ask and bid quotes to price discovery. These asymmetries are non-negligible, in the sense that they are not driven by noise. Asymmetries happen in 47.7% (62.8%) of the...

This paper studies the effect that the firm's business geographical distribution has on stock return intraday volatility. We use data on the Spanish Stock Exchange, where most of its firms' international activity is concentrated in South America. We find evidence that Spanish firms with a higher...