Derivatives exchanges often determine collateral requirements, which are fundamental to market safety, with dated risk models assuming normal returns. However, derivatives returns are heavy-tailed, which leads to the systematic under-collection of collateral (margin). This paper uses extreme...

Insurance Industry is going through a very important stage of its transformation - the transition from the classical system of management into a risk-based management. These changes were launched in Europe by international organizations which deal with the development of the necessary...

The systematic risk is considered as one of the most important factors that influence the investment in financial assets. Usually, it is evaluated in the framework of the Capital Asset Price Model. The systematic risk associated to firm equities is affected by some firm’s characteristics,...

Do banks realize simultaneous trading losses because they invest in the same assets, or because different assets are subject to the same macro shocks? This paper decomposes the comovements of bank trading losses into two orthogonal channels: portfolio overlap and common shocks. While portfolio...

Traditional risk-adjusted performance measures, such as the Sharpe ratio, the Treynor index or Jensen's alpha, based on the mean-variance framework, are widely used to rank mutual funds. However, performance measures that consider risk by taking into account only losses, such as Value-at-Risk...

In 2011, the Brazilian government granted an income tax benefit to corporate bonds issued with the specific purpose of financing long-term infrastructure investments (Law 12.431/2011). The financial bonds favored by this policy have become known as "incentivized bonds". This paper describes the...

This paper investigates the role of punctuation in the peer-to-peer (P2P) lending market. Using data from Renrendai, one of the largest P2P lending platforms in the People's Republic of China, we investigate how the amount of punctuation used in loan descriptions influences the funding...

The mutual funds' returns, inter alia, are dependent on fund managers' performance. This makes human capital efficiency very central for consistent risk-adjusted performance. The persistence in performance becomes more critical during periods of high turbulence, like the one we are experiencing...

This paper reports aggregate statistics on securities lending activity based on a recently concluded pilot data collection by staff from the Office of Financial Research (OFR), the Federal Reserve System, and staff from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In its annual reports, the...

Assuming that a given bank wants to comply with the Basel Accord requirements, in particular the Foundation IRB approach. Accordingly, it has to develop a PD model to predict the probability of default of its borrower within one year. Hence, this paper aims to present a simply empirical...