This project was commissioned by the DETR to fulfil a commitment made in the 1998 white paper onintegrated transport, A New Deal for Transport: Better for Everyone. This was to carry out research onthe influence of the existing tax system with a view to seeing whether changes could be effective...

Transport systems in the UK are facing severe problems of congestion, rising energy use andpollution. One response to this is the move from local authorities to gradually introduce TravelDemand Management (TDM)1 strategies, but these measures involve a complicated set ofinstitutions, processes,...

Correctly pricing transport behaviour to take account of the ‘external’ costs such as congestion, andemissions imposed on society by excessive car use has long been a tenet of effective TransportationDemand Management. But while policy makers have striven to increase public transport...

Correctly pricing transport behavior to take account of the ‘external’ costs such as congestion,emissions and congestion imposed on society by excessive car use has long been a tenet of effectiveTransportation Demand Management. But while policy makers have striven to increase public...

Strategic Niche Management (SNM) is rooted in organisational innovationdiffusion theory and provides a structure to evaluate and manage the introductionof new transport technologies. In brief, SNM involves:• Formation of a ‘technological niche’.• Identification and introduction of...

Tax and Transport Policy: In recent years there have been increasingly strong linkages between national fiscal systems andenvironmental/transport objectives. Within the European Union, European Commission (EC) policyhas been outlined in documents such as ‘Towards Fair and Efficient Pricing’...

We are now entering a new phase of transport policy fiscal instruments. Rather than reforming existing measures, the UK and several other countries are moving towards replacing the whole transport taxation regime. This article reviews the ways that car taxation is used internationally to promote...

This paper is based upon detailed research that has taken place in the UK and Italy, on the implementation strategies for urban road pricing schemes. In the UK, both in London and Durham, the Road User Charging schemes required new legislation, and were implemented rapidly. The time from...

This article explores the UK government's influence on shaping and directing airport policy. UK air travel has increased five-fold over the past 30 years and is projected to increase by between two and three times current levels by 2030. In order to accommodate this growth the government...