This paper documents evidence that financial constraints increase firms' toxic emissions given that firms actively trade off abatement costs against potential legal liabilities. Exploring three quasi-natural experiments in which firms' financial resources are likely exogenously impacted, we find...

This paper examines debt maturity management through early refinancing, where firms retire their outstanding bonds before the due date and simultaneously issue new ones as replacements. Speculative-grade firms frequently refinance their corporate bonds early to extend maturity, particularly...

Using big data on the near-universe of US firms' job postings, we document measurable, negative effects of local personal income taxes on the level of education, experience, and technological skills required by firms when hiring workers (downskilling). Tax-induced downskilling is identified both...

Exploiting the random assignment of corporate bankruptcy filings, we estimate financial costs of judicial inexperience. Despite new judges' significant prior legal experience, formal education, and rigorous hiring process, their public Chapter 11 cases spend 19% more time in bankruptcy and...

Firms under the threat of hedge fund activism on average experience significant losses of outstanding bondholder wealth: bond yield and default probability rises while bond prices and ratings deteriorate. Under-threat firms receive inferior terms when initiating new loans. These observations are...

This paper documents tax-minimizing investment, in which firms accelerate capital purchases near fiscal year-end to reduce taxes. Between 1984 and 2013, average investment in fiscal Q4 exceeds the average of fiscal Q1 through Q3 by 37%. Q4 spikes occur in the U.S. and internationally. Research...

Exploiting within-firm variations in plant-level toxic releases, we document the effect of managerial hometown attachment on corporate environmental policies. Pollution intensity is 20% lower for plants near CEOs' hometowns, achieved by conducting more costly waste management activities such as...