A closed-end fund, known as an investment trust in the UK and closed-end fund in the US, is a collective investment company that invests in shares of other companies. This study attempts to describe and explain the persistence of the excess discount return on UK investment trusts and US...

Matrix algebra was covered in the linear regression, multiple regression section and simultaneous equations models. I have used simple examples to facilitate your learning experience. Econometrics is basically related to economic measurement. It is the application of statistics and mathematics...

In this article, we test performance persistence and measure the historical, the implied volatility, the credit spread volatility and the value at risk,VaR, of the credit derivatives swaptions contracts. We examine contracts of US leveraged loans, mortgage backed securities, high grade corporate...

In this article, we examine performance persistence and the implied volatility smile of the commodity options contracts. We examine contracts of wheat, corn, live cattle, soybean oil, and lean hog. Hedge funds use options and futures in terms of commodities to hedge market risk. We compare the...

In this article, we test performance persistence and volatility fluctuations of the prices of the treasury note futures contracts based on the US term structure of interest rates. The sample investigated is over the period 2010 to 2020. We test 50 Treasury note futures commodity trading...

Financial accounting is externally focused. It is concerned with the production of annual reports such as balance sheet, income statements and cash flow statements as legal requirement and is used by external parties such as creditors, analysts, government bodies and the public. In contrast,...

Matrix algebra was covered in the linear regression, multiple regression section and simultaneous equations models. I use simple EViews 6 and matrix algebra examples to facilitate your learning experience and increase your enjoyment. Econometrics is basically related to economic measurement. It...

This article focuses on the importance of the traditional theories for the existence of the discount in relation to agency costs namely management performance. The argument that discounts reflect the quality of the management has been investigated in the past but the results were inconclusive....

In this article, we have tested the full information maximum likelihood, (FIML) of the natural logarithmic monthly returns of the CAD/USD, DKK/USD, CHF/USD and JPY/USD spot exchange rates. We have applied a system of four equations of the spot exchange rates to test and spot volatility...

This article examines the performance persistence of 210 UK investment trusts form the period January 1990 to January 2006. We use a sample free of survivorship bias and measure performance using risk adjusted measures. High values of the Treynor, Sharpe and information ratio are an indication...