This review attempts to identify treatments of corruption that draw upon characteristics of underdevelopment either as … causes or as consequences. It focuses on three aspects of corruption in developing economies: red tape, rent-seeking, and the … the structure of corruption markets …

firms whose managers or owners have no friends or relatives among the bureaucracy …

The paper presents some empirical puzzles in the relationship between bureaucratic wages and corruption levels, and … corruption. In the presence of such multiple equilibria, the relationship between bureaucratic wages and corruption is no longer … that social welfare is decreasing in the incidence of corruption, across such equilibria …

for private gain. We study the relationship between discretion and corruption in Italian government procurement auctions …, using a confidential database of firms and procurement officials investigated for corruption by Italian enforcement …, discretionary procedure auctions are associated with corruption only when conducted with fewer than the formally required number of …

Previous studies have proposed a link between corruption and wages in the public sector. The present paper investigates …

-monetary disincentives to corruption. In doing so, we also test the Beckarian prediction that at the same level of expected payoff, a low … probability of detection with high penalty is a stronger deterrent to corruption than a high probability of detection with low …

Corruption is a widespread phenomenon. Nevertheless, causal evidence on the effects of corruption is still lacking. In … this paper, we assess whether and how corruption affects cooperation using a public good game experiment. Overall …

corruption, using a harassment bribery game. In doing so, we also test the Beckerian prediction that at the same level of … expected payoff, a low probability of detection with high fine is a stronger deterrent to corruption than a high probability of …