In pricing real estate with indifference pricing approach, market incompleteness is shown to significantly alter the conventional pricing relationships between real estate and financial asset. Specifically, we focus on the pricing implication of market comovement because comovement tends to be...

We show that the traditional western style corporate governance tools are ineffective in Chinese real estate firms from 2000 to 2012. Instead, we find evidence of effective state governance such as corruption cleanups and financial market liberalization. Specifically, the less state-connected...

We find that higher stock lending fees predict significantly lower future returns after controlling for shorting demand for U.S. stocks during the period 2007–2010. These results suggest that active institutional investors on the supply side play an important role in the return predictability...

This study provides new evidence about short sellers' trading strategies by showing that short sellers exploit firm information in combination with industry information in their trades. In industries with the highest aggregate shorted values, the most-shorted stocks earn about 1.535% lower...

In a sample of U.S. stocks, higher stock lending fees predict significantly lower excess returns beyond shorting demand and loan supply. This relation is stronger after October 2008 which is likely attributable to a regime shift in the lending market with the onset of the Global Financial...

We examine the efficacy of short sale regulations in Hong Kong, where the list of shortable stocks is managed by regulators and is updated quarterly. While regulators generally cautiously restrict short selling to larger stocks, we show evidence of deviations: some large liquid stocks, which...

Short sellers are known to have private information about security prices. Empirical evidence of short selling, however, is based on only half of short sellers' trading activity; specifically, the opening of the position. Using disclosed large short position data from the Japanese stock market,...

This study provides novel evidence about the functioning of the centralized and the OTC stock lending markets in Japan, and show that in general the OTC market has a superior role in promoting pricing efficiency. In the subsample where the OTC market supply is limited, the centralized market...

This study provides new insights about less regulated nonbank lenders, major originators of risky subprime mortgages prior to 2008. We document significant cross-sectional variations in lending practices and show that nonbank lenders who entered the industry via less-regulated states are...