This paper investigates the economic viability and welfare contribution of alternatives to issuer-paid credit rating agencies (CRAs). To this end, it introduces a heterogeneous competition model for credit and ratings markets. Frictions among issuers or investors induce rating inflation from...

-The market for green bonds is growing rapidly and has been boosted by the European Commission's plan to raise through green bonds 30 percent of the up to €750 billion that will be borrowed under the Next Generation EU coronavirus economic recovery programme. But while green bonds can reduce...

We use an asset pricing approach to compare the effects of expected liquidity and liquidity risk on expected U.S. corporate bond returns. Liquidity measures are constructed for bond portfolios using a Bayesian approach to estimate Roll's measure. The results show that expected bond liquidity and...

We use an asset pricing approach to compare the effects of expected liquidity and liquidity risk on expected U.S. corporate bond returns. Liquidity measures are constructed for bond portfolios using a Bayesian approach to estimate Roll's measure. The results show that expected bond liquidity and...

We propose a new approach to measuring informed trading in individual securities based on a portfolio optimization model for investors facing information and liquidity shocks. These shocks induce speculative and liquidity-motivated order flow, taking into account the price impact of trading. The...

This paper explores the economic role credit rating agencies play in the corporate bond market. We consider three existing theories about multiple ratings: information production, rating shopping and regulatory certification. Using differences in rating composition, default prediction and credit...

We propose a portfolio optimization approach to identifying private information. In our model, investors are exposed to liquidity and private information shocks and optimize their trading across stocks taking into account price impact (Kyle's Lambda). We obtain a very simple expression for a...

We derive an equilibrium asset pricing model incorporating liquidity risk, derivative assets, and short-selling due to hedging of non-traded risk. We show that, both for positive-net-supply assets and derivatives, the sign of liquidity effects depends on investor heterogeneity in non-traded risk...