climate change. The risk of uncertain and potentially irreversible catastrophes is an important issue related to the latter … benchmark integrated assessment model. This study moves beyond recent catastrophe or tipping point studies with arbitrary risk … introduced here informs risk management strategies that balance uncertain future climate change impacts with the costs of …

financial markets. The climate related risk is divided into three subcategories, the environmental uncertainty, the economic … climate risk and the climate policy risk, which all of them may affect the markets directly or indirectly. The perspective is … market valuation of the climate risk. …

optimal policy balance in the context of catastrophic climate risk. The analysis uses the WITCH integrated assessment model … with a module that models the endogenous risk of experiencing an economic catastrophe if temperature increases above a … certain threshold. We find that the risk of a catastrophic outcome would encourage countries to reduce emissions even in the …

Climate risk has become a major concern for financial institutions and financial markets. Yet, climate policy is still … the variety of definitions for green activities lower the value of existing and new capital, and complicate risk …. Accordingly, the authors suggest a role for financial regulation in the transition. …

Agreement and the EU CO2 trading system. The main findings are that the regulation in these legal documents are too soft if …