researchers. In a sample of research groups in the fields of science and engineering at universities in Germany, we identify … research orientation, output, funding as well as openness to industry and commercialization as relevant components. Nests that … attract more public funding and are led by professors with high research performance are more likely to produce researchers …

researchers. In a sample of research groups in the fields of science and engineering at universities in Germany, we identify … research orientation, output, funding as well as openness to industry and commercialization as relevant components. Nests that … attract more public funding and are led by professors with high research performance are more likely to produce researchers …

materials. However, increasing industry funding of research can restrict the dissemination of results and materials. We show … scientists who receive industry funding are twice as likely to deny requests for research inputs as those who do not. Receiving …, however, 50% more likely to be denied access to research materials by others, but this is not affected by being funded …

In 2017, the federal government invested over $40 billion on university research; another $16 billion came from private … scientists in finding other sources of funding. Understanding the effect of such different funding streams on research outputs is … structure of research and in terms of research outputs. For example, federal funding is often intended to affect the structure …

are fundamentally divided into teaching and research activities. However, the concept of determination of the productivity …