In a static Lucas's tree economy, we explore the effect of two types of background risk, uninsurable risk for labor income and miscalibrated risk for payoff distribution of risky asset, on the equilibrium price of the risky asset. Then we analyze the data of U.S. stock market and GDP growth...

The threshold approach to medical decision-making, in which treatment decisions are made based on whether the probability of sickness exceeds a predetermined threshold, was introduced by (Pauker and Kassirer, N Engl J Med 293:229-234, 1975) and (Pauker and Kassirer, N Engl J Med 302:1109-1116,...

The risk attitude plays an important role in analyzing decision making under uncertainty. It is essential to confirm whether the risk aversion parameter in a certain situation, called "domain," can be applied to other situations. Using a dataset on hospitalization insurance policies in Japan,...

The threshold approach to medical decision-making, in which treatment decisions are made based on whether the probability of sickness exceeds a predetermined threshold, was introduced by (Pauker and Kassirer, N Engl J Med 293:229-234, 1975) and (Pauker and Kassirer, N Engl J Med 302:1109-1116,...

This study considers the optimal demand for insurance in the presence of state-dependent background uncertainty. Its uncertainty depends on the states that are clarified by the loss occurrence, which are called the loss state and no-loss state. First, we consider a situation in which the...

This study examines the effects of cream skimming using telematics devices on the automobile insurance market. Insurers can directly monitor insureds’ cars for risky driving behaviors, such as speeding, hard braking, and quick acceleration. These observations make the information symmetric...

It is important to distinguish between an individual’s risk preference in fluctuations in their payoffs and social preference for considering others’ payoffs behind the veil of ignorance (VoI). In this study, we adapted Schildberg-Hörisch’s (2010) experimental design by applying it to the...

When a utility function is state-dependent, ex ante preferences for acts cannot elicit unique subjective probabilities without auxiliary devices. This paper introduces ex-post strength-of-preferences for state-contingent decision outcomes. Then we prove that a consistency condition between ex...

The mean-variance utility postulates that random variables with the same mean and variance should be equally desirable. This paper presents and discusses necessary and sufficient preference-based axioms for the existence of mean-variance utility in which any condition on variances but...