This informal paper explores models of competitve insurance market equilibrium when individuals of initially similar apparent risk experience divergence in risk levels over time. The information structrue is modeled in three alternative ways: all insurers and insureds know risk at any point in...

"In many developing countries the proportion of health care spending paid out of pocket is about half of all spending or more. This study examines the distribution of such spending by income and care type, and the variation in spending about its expected value, in order to see whether voluntary...

End-stage renal disease (ESRD), or kidney failure, is a debilitating, costly, and increasingly common medical condition. Little is known about how different financing approaches affect ESRD outcomes and delivery of care. This paper presents results from a comparative review of 12 countries with...

Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags steht die Frage, ob wettbewerbsfähige Krankenversicherungsmärkte und wettbewerbsfähige Märkte für medizinische Leistungen zu effizienten Wachstumsraten von qualitätsverbessernden, aber kostensteigernden Technologien führen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass es auf der...