Der Anbau verschiedener Agrarrohstoffe, wie beispielsweise Palmöl und Soja, steht häufig in Verbindung mit der Abholzung von artenreichen tropischen Regenwäldern mit hoher Kohlenstoffspeicherkapazität. Diese sogenannten „Waldrisiko-Rohstoffe“ werden über internationale Lieferketten...

Palm oil is an essential commodity used in the manufacture of various daily products and is highly competitive with vegetable oil. However, the palm oil competition is fierce and complex due to movement of palm oil trade. The study examined the determinant, stability, and duration of...

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are exerting growing pressure on firms to eliminate product components (such as palm oil) that are harmful to the environment (such as rainforests) or replace such components with NGO-certified sustainable components. Under which conditions does NGO pressure...

This paper studies the interactions between political and economic incentives to foster forest conversion in Indonesian districts. Using a district-level panel data set from 2001 to 2016, we analyze variation in remotely sensed forest loss and forest fires as well as measures of land use...