bribery and show that bribing for any type of public service, not just for health services, has an adverse impact. We also …Corruption is pervasive, but we know little about its effects on individual lives. This paper examines whether living … in a corrupt society has deleterious effects on health. Using individual-level data from 28 post-communist countries, we …

In this paper, we study the evolution of corruption patterns in 27 postcommunist countries during the period 1996 …-2012 using the Control of Corruption Index and the corruption category Markov transition probability matrix. This method allows … us to generate the long-run distribution of corruption among the post-communist countries. Our empirical findings suggest …

bribery, 25 years after the fall of communist rule. Data come from a large representative survey, conducted in post …. Overall, our findings suggest that the proclivity to corruption of the former Communist party members has been transmitted … through family and thus sustained over time, contributing to corruption decades after the demise of the Socialist bloc. …

Recent studies have highlighted the adverse impact of corruption on economic performance. This paper advances the … hypothesis that corruption is largely a symptom of underlying weaknesses in public policies and institutions, a formulation that … provides deeper insights into economic performance than do measures of “perceived corruption.” The hypothesis is tested by …

Although economists have long studied the impact of bribery on firms' development, the debate continues as to whether … bribery ‘greases' or ‘sands' the growth of businesses. For this investigation, we acquired data from the Business Environment … bribery upon firms' development over a period of time. We found that bribing firms were more likely to bribe again three years …