This paper examines the impact of a large-scale rural road construction program-the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)-on the performance of rural manufacturing firms in India. While these firms provide vital non-farm employment in rural areas, their growth is often thought to be...

The urban transportation system is vital for efficient daily travel. Understanding how urban road network density and width influence traffic performance is crucial for informed decision-making in urban planning. In this study, we designed three homogeneous square road networks with varying...