Digital Twins (DTs) developments are still in the pilot stages of deployment in supply chain management (SCM), and their full integration with real-time synchronization and autonomous decision-making poses many challenges. This paper aims to identify these common challenges and provide a...

Supplier selection is an important process in supply chain management that sets a foundation for a long-term partnership with suppliers that can greatly contribute to the success or failure of a business. This study aims to identify, validate and propose a comprehensive list of supplier...

Integrating digitalization and warehouse management systems (WMS) is a crucial aspect of enhancing supply chain performance for strategic competitiveness. Multiple technologies promote digital development and supply chain management (SCM) transformation. They include artificial intelligence and...

Death is inevitable. However, efforts have always been made to delay it. Due to the advancement in medical science, the developed countries have succeeded in achieving a considerable increase in the life expectancy of the people. On the other hand, the developing countries are striving hard to...

In a previous study [Ali, Siyal and Sultan (1995)], we observed a big gap between behaviour and desires. Only 35 percent women had the number of children that they had desired. Whereas, a very large number of women had more children than their stated ideal number of children. The same data set...

The recent decline in the total fertility rate (11-R) borne out by recent surveys and supported by the results of the 1998 population census of Pakistan (see Table 1) indicates that onset of fertility transition has been made in Pakistan. However, still these rates (5.3 children) excepting Nepal...

Health is an important aspect of human life. In general terms, better health status of individuals reflects reduced illnesses, low level of morbidity, and less burden of disease in a given population. It is widely recognised that improved health not only lowers mortality, morbidity and level of...

It is over three decades now that we have official family planning programme in Pakistan. However, because of the absence of a coherent approach to overcome the social and cultural obstacles to the use of family planning in conjunction with poor service delivery and outreach activities;...