preferences as arising from the non-compliance of mothers to the availability of grandparents and from preferences of grandparents … grandparental childcare on mothers' labour supply is positive, statistically significant and economically relevant. The effect is … stronger for lower educated mothers, with young children and living in the North and Centre. …

after the reform implementation. Only for high-income mothers, the reform produced a significant decrease in the employment … studies the impact of the substantial change in Germany’s parental leave system on maternal employment. The aim of the reform … was to decrease birth-related maternal employment breaks by providing more generous parental benefits for a shorter period …

2020. We find that male-female gaps in the employment-to-population ratio and hours worked for women with school …

choices led mothers to take, on average, 1-2 months less of leave. This decrease in leave duration, however, was not … accompanied by an employment increase of similar magnitude. To understand the absence of labor supply effects, we examine data on … few mothers indicate that they would start working if better access to formal childcare were available. Switching to the …

two or more kids. Heterogeneity analysis suggests no causal effects of fertility on female employment among mothers with … low female employment regime. Family size is instrumented using twinning and gender composition of the first two children …. Among families with at least one child we identify the average causal effect of an additional child on mother's employment …