It has long been disputed in Europe under which conditions collective agreements on the re-muneration of copyright holders are compatible with the ban on anti-competitive agreements in Article 101 TFEU. Privileging certain copyright licensing agreements, the European Commis-sion’s 2022...

This paper focuses on the right to collective bargaining of self-employed workers vis-à-vis antitrust law under a European and International perspective. It argues that the current approach of the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Commission to this question is at odds with...

This chapter assesses the use of public procurement to enforce labour standards from a competition and State aid perspective, and concentrates on the establishment of contract compliance clauses under the rules of Article 26 of Directive 2004/18/EC and Article 70 of Directive 2014/24/EU and in...

The spread of non-standard forms of work, including platform work, has created some friction between labour law and competition law, in particular concerning the collective bargaining of self-employed workers. This article aims to suggest a different, complementary rather than antagonistic,...

A recent investigation of the EU's pharmaceutical market carried out by the European Commission has been shedding new light on the question of abuse of a dominant position pursuant to Article 102 TFEU by holding, acquisition or exploitation of IP rights. This so-called 'sector inquiry'...

This article examines the relationships between governance structures and regulatory approaches. It develops a typology to explain and fine-tune supranational regulatory models for the governance of markets. The article suggests, firstly, a range of regulatory options which are defined according...

This paper addresses some fundamental issues surrounding Pakistan's contemporary competition law regime put in place by the enactment of the Competition Act, 2010. The paper comprises three parts and a conclusion. The first describes the globalization of competition laws - as has been the case...

This article examines the regulation of the air transport sector from the perspective of competition law, focusing specifically on European Union (EU)-U.S. air transport relations. Emphasis is placed on the ongoing negotiations between Europe and the United States for the creation of a...

Impaired assets such as non-performing loans (“NPLs”) continue to pose significant problems across the EU. When possible solutions are being considered, “bad banks” or similar impaired asset relief measures are oſten discussed. However, if they involve support by the State such measures...

Global convergence has been a central theme in competition law for more than two decades. It has provided a way of understanding where competition law is and where it is going. Until very recently, most observers have assumed it would continue to play that role. Brexit, Trump and other...