Even if traders adapt to technical regulations and standards in an export market, they still must prove compliance by undergoing conformity assessment procedures (CAPs), such as testing, inspection, or certification. Duplication, delays or discrimination in CAPs can significantly increase trade...

Duplication, delays or discrimination in CAPs can significantly increase trade costs, and this risk is reflected in the growing importance of CAPs in WTO discussions and bilateral and regional free trade agreements. This paper conducts an empirical study of the trade issues that WTO Members...

The performance and composition of the U.S. brewing industry has changed dramatically over the past three decades. The industry displays contradictory shifts in both aggregate production volume and number of firms. While aggregate beer production in the US has increased modestly, per capita...

Supporting thermoelectric power generation requires a significant quantity of water, primarilyfor cooling operations. Lack of available water due to physical scarcity or thermal permit limitsassociated with the Clean Water Act 316 (a) can result in a forced curtailment of plant operation,known...

AbstractThere currently exists a demand in the United States for information about the environmental impactsof consumer products, but there is no consistent system for providing this information. This project proposes guidelines for the creation of a Type III environmental declaration program...

Market facilitation organizations (MFOs) are a new concept developed asprivate public partnerships for promoting renewable energy markets. Thesepublic-private entities support the growth of particular markets through a variety ofmeans, such as partner matching, information dissemination, and...

"We propose an exchange rate model which is a hybrid of the conventional specification with monetary fundamentals and the Evans-Lyons microstructure approach. It argues that the failure of the monetary model is principally due to private preference shocks which render the demand for money...