specialized commercialization capabilities. According to the predominant framework, if the innovation is protected by a strong … appropriabilty regime the optimal strategy is to license the innovation to an incumbent product firm. This paper argues by contrast … commercialize alone or to pursue a hybrid arrangement (called co-promotion) whereby it licenses the innovation but retains the …

for countries. For this purpose, innovation policies in biotechnology have been addressed here. This study draws on the … government supportive innovation policies. The statistical population of this study consisted of 165 responses from the directors …, international corporate collaboration policies and government supportive innovation policies have a significant impact on the …

This paper investigates how firms adapt their innovation strategies to cope with constraints in national institutional … they use institutional advantages to focus on low-risk innovation and build deeper competences while also pursuing high …-risk innovation strategies. The Dutch hybrid offers insight into how firms comply with the dominant logic of the biotechnology field …

network analysis (SNA) and a regression framework for count data. For the latter we adopt a regional innovation system … function of region's innovation and economic context as well as a set of policy related variables. The inclusion of policy … defining the regional innovation system, we observe that the number of biotech patent applications, the share of regional …